השומר הצעיר ‎haShomer haTzair

State/ Province Галичина Galicja
Country Україна
 
Alternate Locations
Country המנדט הבריטי על פלשתינה א"י
 

Gallery

Narrative

Founded in 1913, in Galicia Galicja Галичина, haShomer haTzair השומר הצעיר‎, which means The Youth Guard, is a SocialistZionist youth movement, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv, which advocated a Binational solution in mandatory Palestine with equality between Arabs and Jews.
HaShomer haTzair השומר הצעיר was the result of a merger of two groups, haShomer השומר, a Zionist scouting group, and Ze'irei Zion Youth of Zion, an ideological circle that studied Zionism, socialism and Jewish history.
The movement was influenced by the ideas of Ber Borochov and Gustav Wyneken, as well as Lord Baden-Powell and the German Wandervogel movement.

Narrative

In 1927, the four kibbutzim founded by haShomer haTzair השומר הצעיר formed the Kibbutz Artzi federation.
The movement also formed a political party of the same name, haShomer haTzair, that advocated a binational solution in mandate Palestine, with equality between Arabs and Jews.
Many haShomer haTzair leaders made Aliyah before the war, and founded or joined kibbutz Evron, kibbutz Ein haChoresh, kibbutz Negba, kibbutz Eilon, kibbutz Galon, and others.

Narrative

In 1929, a group haShomer haTzair members of sailed from Poland, aboard the ship, Kerner, to join the pioneer group in Hadera.
In the autumn of 1929, kibbutz Ein haHoresh קיבוץ עין החורש, was founded by haShomer haTzair members from Eastern Europe,
In October, 1930, they established a settlement at Wadi al-Hurat ואדי אלחוארת, bordering Alexander Creek נחל אלכסנדר, and the orchards of Daria הדריה, to the north.
In 1931, they were granted a 250 acre area surrounded by young eucalyptus seedlings, to establish the first orchard, and plant a garden.
In 1934, the core group from Poland, was joined by new members from Egypt, Germany, and Bulgaria.
In 1939, the first youth group from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Austria arrived.

Narrative

In 1936, kibbutz-based political party, haShomer haTzair השומר הצעיר, launched an urban political party, the Socialist League of Palestine, the only Zionist political party within the Yishuv to accept Arab members as equals, support Arab rights, and call for a binational state in Palestine, to represent non-kibbutzniks.

Narrative

Aba Kovner is said to have had a major part in unifying haShomer haTzair, Betar, the Communists and haNoar haTzioni, forming FPO Faraynigte Partizaner Organizatzye (United Partisan Organization).
After ther Germans had transported the Jews of the Vilnius Ghetto to camps in Estonia, members of FPO escaped to the forests through the sewers, where they established a partisan group, destroying power and water infrastructures, freeing prisoners from the Kailis labor camp, and blowing up some German military trains.
Abba Kovner cited:
"I remember the first time I blew up a train. I went out with a small group, with Rachel Markevitch as our guest. It was New Year's Eve; we were bringing the Germans a festival gift. The train appeared on the raised railway; a line of large, heavy-laden cars rolled on toward Vilna. My heart suddenly stopped beating for joy and fear. I pulled the string with all my strength, and in that moment, before the thunder of the explosion echoed through the air, and twenty-one railway cars full of troops hurtled down into the abyss, I heard Rachel cry: "For Ponar!"

Narrative

Mordechaj Anielewicz, the leader of haShomer haTzair's Warszawa branch, became head of the Jewish Fighting Organization and one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
Other members of the movement were involved in Jewish resistance and rescue in Hungary, Lithuania, and Slovakia.
The leaders of haShomer haTzair in Romania were arrested and executed for anti-fascist activities.
After the war, the movement was involved in organizing illegal immigration of Jewish refugees to Palestine.
Members were also involved in the Haganah, as well as in the leadership of the Palmach.

References

  1. Baum, David 'Dave' 'Davey'
  2. Baumstein, Mordechai Mordecai
  3. Bielicka, Chasia
  4. Calic, Yitzhak
  5. Donner, Regine
  6. Kam, Chanina ben Noach
  7. Koffler, Korohy
  8. Korczak Korchak, Rozka Ruzka Reizl Reizel bat Gedaliah
  9. Kubersh, Benjamin 'Benny'
  10. Lindenstein, Beni
  11. Silver, Martin
  12. Szilagyi, Ernst
  13. Taller, Archie ben Yaacov (Jacob)
  14. Wajcblum Weissman, Hanna Anna 'Hanka' bat Yaakov (Jakub)
  15. Weizman Wajcman, Ichac ben Menachem Mendel
  16. Zuckerman Cukierman, Yitzchak Yitzhak Itzhik 'Antek'
  17. אדם (Zafransky Adam), Munya (Melech)
  18. איתי (‎Indig Ithai), Josef
  19. אשד Weinman Estheth Eshed, Dov Heinrich
  20. בארי Baer Bari Be'ari Be'eri, Sam Samuel Shmuel ben Yisrael
  21. בגין Begin Biegun, Menachem Mieczysław ben Zeev Dov
  22. בן ישראל Ben Yisrael Woodrow, Yaacov Yaakov 'Jerry'
  23. ברקן Berkovitz Barkan, Benjamin 'Beni' ben David
  24. מלכין Ostrov Malkin, Aryeh Leon ben Shmuel (Samuel)
  25. סלע Silverman Selah Sela, Yehuda Harry 'Silvy'
  26. עבדי Abadi, Edward 'Eddy' 'Eddie' ben Yaakov (Jacob)
  27. עמיחי Hindovsky Amihai Amichai, Menachem Mendel ben Yaacov (Jacob)
  28. עמירם Donner Amiram, Zvi Henri ben Arie
  29. קובנר Kovner, Abba
  30. רבינוביץ Rabinovitch Rabinovitz Рабинович, Moshe ben Yoel
  31. רייק Reiková Reich Reik, Chaviva Haviva Marta Emma