Haapalah / Aliyah Bet

Калуш
Kalush
Kałusz

From June, 1941 to July, 1944,, Kalush Калуш was under German control: Das Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete.
In late 1941 and 1942, Jews of Kalush Калуш were murdered by the Germans.

Penina and Ruth Winkler cite: In late August, 1941, "the Jews of Kalucz were ordered into a ghetto which the Nazis had established in our city. Throughout the following months, many Jews from surrounding villages were forcibly transported into our ghetto. The Germans had established a Judenraat (Jewish Council) to help them govern and control the Jewish community."
"The Nazis carried out aktions (raids) of extermination, each time aimed at different segments of the Jewish population. Once it was against the men, then against children and another time against the elderly. In order to save our grandmother, Faigie Yungerman, our mother, Batya, acquired a false death certificate in grandmother's name, which she paid for by digging up some of her hidden gold coins. With this certificate, our grandmother was considered officially dead. From then on she hid in the attic of our house."