Haapalah / Aliyah Bet

Івано-Франківськ
Ivano-Frankivsk
Stanyslaviv
Станиславів
Stanisławów
Станислав
Stanislau
סטאַניסלאו

Ivano-Frankivsk Івано-Франківськ is the regional center and one of the largest economic and cultural centers in the west of Ukraine.
Stanisławów Станислав was erected as a fortress, on the site of the village of Zabolottya, which had been founded in 1437, to protect the people of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from Crimean Tatar raids, and as a stronghold of the Pototskyis. Polish landlords on Halych lands.
Thes name, Stanisławów Станислав, refers to the father of Polish nobleman Andrzej Potocki, Stanisław Rewera Potocki.
The fortress of Stanisławów Станислав was besieged many times by Turkish and Russian troops.
It was first mentionned in 1662, called Stanisławów Станислав, at the time when the city received a Magdeburger Recht, autonomous administration form adopted by many cities of Eastern Europe.
The Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Івано-Франківська область, which is bordered by the Lviv, Ternopil, Chernivtsi and TransCarpathian Oblasts, contains five cities mentioned in ancient Rus chronicles, Tysmenytsia (1143), Sniatyn (1158), Tlumach (1213), and Kolomyia (1240), and the oldest city, Halych, first mentionned in 898 AD, and became the capital of the Halych Principality and Halych and Volyn State.

In 18th-19th centuries, Stanisławów Станислав was a big trading and manufacturing center of Poland, , and because of the originality the of architecture, was often called Little Lviv.
Stanisławów Станислав then became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Along with Ukrainians, the city was inhabited Poles, Jews and Armenians.
In 1866, the railway was built, and the city became the site of the locomotive repair factory, along with a distillery and a leather manufacturing plant.

During the WW I, in battles over Stanisławów Станислав, many historic buildings was destroyed.
In 1918, after break-up of Austro-Hungarian Empire, Stanyslaviv Станиславів became part of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic.

On July 26, 1941, Stanyslaviv Станиславів was occupied by German troops for three years.
There were more than 40,000 Jews in Stanyslaviv Станиславів when it was occupied by the Germans, and from 1941 to 44), more than 600 educated Poles and most of the city's Jewish population was murdered.
Pinkas hakehillot Polin: Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities, Poland. History from 1654 to after World War II cites "There were more than 40,000 Jews in Stanislawow when it was occupied by the Germans on July 26, 1941 -- including refugees from western Poland, the Carpathian exiles, and neighboring villages."
On October 12, 1941, called Blutsonntag Bloody Sunday, thousands of Jews were gathered on the market square; then the German forces escorted them to the Jewish cemetery, where mass graves had already been prepared.
On the way the German and Ukrainian escorts beat and tortured the, and at the cemetery they were compelled to give away their valuables.
The men of the Sipo Sicherheitspolizei Security Police started mass shootings, assisted by members of the German Ordnungspolizei Order Police and the railroad police. The Germans ordered the Jews to undress in groups and then proceed to the graves where they were shot, and fell into the grave, or were ordered to jump in before being shot.
The German forces shot between 8,000 and 12,000 Jews on that day.

Until July 1942, killings were carried out in Rudolf's Mill; from August onward, in the courtyard of Sipo Sicherheitspolizei headquarters.
On August 22, 1942, the Germans held a "reprisal Aktion" for the murder of a Ukrainian, which they blamed on a Jew, and more than 1,000 Jews were shot.
German policemen raped Jewish girls and women before taking them to the courtyard of Sipo Sicherheitspolizei headquarters.
About 11,000 Jews were still living in Stanisławów Станислав when the next Aktion took place.

On February 22 or 23, 1943, Brandt, who had succeeded Hans Krüger as SS-Hauptsturmführer, ordered the police forces to surround the ghetto, initiating the final liquidation.
Four days after the beginning of the Aktion, the Germans put up posters announcing that Stanisławów Станислав was Judenrein.
In October 1965, after six years of investigations by the Dortmund State Prosecutor's Office, a formal indictment was issued against Hans Krüger.
On May 6, 1968, the Münster State Court sentenced him to life imprisonment.
He was released in 1986.
In 1966, trials were held in Wien and Salzburg against members of the Schupo and the Gestapo in Stanisławów Станислав.

On July 27, 1944, the Soviet army reached Stanisławów Станислав; there were about 100 Jews in the city who had survived in hiding.
The majority of the Jews who survived the massacres of Stanisławów Станислав were murdered at the Belzec Death Camp.
About 1,500 Jews from Stanisławów Станислав survived the war.