Haapalah / Aliyah Bet

In 1945, Shmuel Samek Yanai and Avraham Lichovsky, were sent to Egypt, wearing the uniforms of British soldiers, in order to find a ship that would take them to Greece.

On December 8, 1946, as Rafiah רפיח Αθηνά sank, Avraham Lichovsky threw the radio equipment to shore, and set up a makeshift antenna and re-established communication with the Gidoni גדעוני, wireless radio operator network.
He transmited a call for help, which was received by Mossad leAliyah Bet, which contacted the Royal Navy.

On May 28, 1946, Haviva Reik חביבה רייק sailed from Piraeus Πειραιάς, carrying 462 passengers.
Tzvi Ben-Tzur cites: in June, 1946, Haviva Reik חביבה רייק sailed from Cape Sounion Aκρωτήριο Σούνιο, carrying 343 passengers, with Rafi רפי carrying 119 passengers.
Palmach Information Center cites: on June 2, 1946, Haviva Reik חביבה רייק sailed fromPiraeus Πειραιάς, carrying 342 passengers.
Amuta Yam.org.il cites: on June 2, 1946, Haviva Reik חביבה רייק sailed from Cape Sounion Aκρωτήριο Σούνιο, carrying 343 passengers.
Fritz Liebreich cites: Haviva Reik חביבה רייק sailed from Cape Sounion Aκρωτήριο Σούνιο, south of Piraeus Πειραιάς.
Aryeh Kippy Kaplan cites: on June 2, 1946, they took 312 passengers aboard Haviva Reik חביבה רייק, and and 150 passengers aboard Rafi רפי.
Aryeh Kippy Kaplan served as Palyam פלי”ם Commander מפקד aboard Haviva Reik חביבה רייק.
Shalom Bornstein served as Gidoni גדעוני aboard Haviva Reik חביבה רייק.
Aryeh Kippy Kaplan cites: Shmuel Samek Yanai served as Palyam פלי”ם Commander מפקד aboard Rafi רפי.
Aryeh Kippy Kaplan cites: Avraham Lichovsky served as Gidoni גדעוני, wireless radio operator, aboard Rafi רפי.

Tzvi Ben-Tzur cites: On June 7, 1946, there were 462 passengers aboard Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק when she sailed into Palestinian waters.
Aryeh Kippy Kaplan cites: When Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק and Rafi רפיi were close to the shore of Palestine, those on Rafi רפי transferred to the Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק, and the Greek crew on Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק went to Rafi רפיi, which immediately headed back to Greece.
Amuta Yam.org.il cites: The passengers aboard Rafi רפי were crowded aboard Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק., on June 5, 1946,
Paul H. Silverstone's Aliyah Bet Project cites: 150 passengers aboard Rafi רפי were crowded aboard Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק, and the crew of Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק disembarked.

On June 5, 1946, Shmuel 'Samek' Yanai, who served as Palyam פלי"ם Commander מפקד aboard Rafi רפי, came aboard Haviva Reik חביבה רייק, with the Maapilim.

On June 8, 1946, Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק arrived in Palestine, and was discovered and captured by a British destroyer.
She was towed to Haifa, and her passengers were interned at Atlit Detention Camp.
Tzvi Ben-Tzur cites: Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק "was discovered on June 7th by a British destroyer that butted her with force. On June 8th, soldiers boarded her quickly, overpowered the crew and towed the vessel into Haifa, where the Ma’apilim hauled up a big poster that read: “Keep the Gates Open Because We Are Not the Last Ones to come!".
Fritz Liebreich cites the passengers of Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק Aghios Andreas were arrested near kibbutz Nitzanim קיבוץ ניצנים, off Ashkelon אשקלון, on June 9, 1948.
Amuta Yam.org.il cites: there were 462 passengers aboard Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק. when she was intercepted by the British.
PaulH. Silverstone's Aliyah Bet Project cites: Chaviva Reik חביבה רייק was captured by British destroyer, HMS Saumarez, with machinery broken down and no crew; there were . 327 men, 143 women, 15 children on board.

David Baum served aboard SS Haganah הגנה on her voyage from Sète.
David Baum cites: "Visitors from Mosad I'Aliyah Bet came to see the first volunteer-Jewish crew. We were taken to the camp at St. Gerome and met with the staff and our future passengers. This was a mutually beneficial experience: for us, it was our first contact with survivors anxious to get to Eretz Yisrael. For them, it was a much-appreciated surprise to meet the Jewish-American crew.
Upon completion of the preparations, we boarded 999 olim at Port-de-Bouc and set sail."

In 1946, Harry Silverman was asked by Yona Yanai of kibbutz Ein haShofet, Shaliach for haShomer haTzair in the United States, to sign up to serve on a Haapalah boat.
Harry Silverman sailed to France, aboard SS Haganah הגנה., and await passage to Palestine.
Harry Silverman remained aboard SS Haganah הגנה and served in the Galley.
Harry Silverman cites: "five men from my kibbutz (Gimel) and from Kibbutz Daled sailed on the "Haganah" for France, and I was one of them."

I.F. Stone sailed aboard SS Haganah הגנה to France, where he joined displaced persons as they sought a clandestine port of embarcation, joined an illegal convoy, ran the British blockade, and landed illegally in Palestine.
I.F.Stone sent regular dispatches on the conflict between the British and Palestinian Jews, and Harry Silverman helped him with photographs of the ship and its passengers.
Underground to Palestine first appeared as a series of articles published in PM, which won the Newspaper Guild of New York, Page One award in 1947.
It was published in 1946, then reprinted in 1978 as Underground to Palestine - and Reflections Thirty Years Later
I.F. Stone cites: “They have been kicked around as Jews and now they want to live as Jews. Over and over I heard it said: ‘We want to build a Jewish country. ... We are tired of putting our sweat and blood into places where we are not welcome.' ... These Jews want the right to live as a people, to build as a people, to make their contribution to the world as a people. Are their national aspirations any less worthy of respect than those of any other oppressed people?”
I.F. Stone cites in Underground to Palestine: "We felt proud and exultant to arrive with the Jewish flag at our mast. The refugees looked for the first time upon the Holy Land with wondering and often tear-filled eyes. This was the sight for which they had longed with all their hearts, the sight for which they had risked their lives crossing one illegal border after another and on the high seas.¨

On June 30, 1946, Balboa SS Haganah הגנה transferred her passengers at sea, about 100 miles off the coast of Palestine, to a Turkish boat, Akbel, renamed Beriah ביריה, after a Zionist settlement which had been taken over by the British earlier that year.
Palyam.org cites "Balboa SS Haganah הגנה tcarried them within 50 miles of Palestine. She met with the old Turkish tub, the "Akbel" at a preset coordinateat sea, and transferred all the Maaplim to the Turkish vessel by launch."
Bernard Marks cites: Balboa SS Haganah הגנה was "followed by a small Turkish “tub” caller Akbel and renamed “Biria”. The ruse was that we were to pretend we were disabled and signal our distress to Akbel, when she came to our rescue, take her by force. We would then install our “cargo” on her and the shoo-shoo would compel her to sail to Haifa, while we returned to Europe for another load."
Akbel Beriah ביריה was intercepted by HMS Virago and towed into Haifa, and her passengers were interned.

Avraham Lichovsky served as Gidoni גדעוני, wireless radio operator, aboard SS Haganah הגנה.