Haapalah / Aliyah Bet

In 1925, Avraham Tehomi was appointed Deputy Commander of the Jerusalem ירושלים District Haganah הגנה.
In 1929-1931, he served as District Commander.
He served under Yitzhak Ben-Zvi.

Gideon Ruter Rafael was recruited into the Haganah הגנה by Eliyahu Golomb.

David Cesarani cites: "During 1943, another section was established to gather information. Gideon Ruper (Refael), a German Jew who was active in German Jewish immigration before the war and until 1940, headed the section, the Haifa Interrogation Bureau, which was establshed as early as June 1940 as part of Royal Air Force (RAF) intelligence. His section investigated the situation of the Jewish communities under occupation."

Gideon Ruter, representative of the Hagannah, was sent from Palestine to Amsterdam to organize the illegal sailing.

On Sunday morning, July 16, 1939, Dora דורה sailed from Amsterdam, carrying over 300 Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany, and about 20 Dutch Jews.
Daniel Abraham (http://www.danielabraham.net/tree/katz/toni/dora.asp) and Paul H. Silverstone's Aliyah Bet Project cites: Dora דורה sailed on July 19, 1939, from Vlissingen, carrying 500 mostly German Jewish passengers, who had escaped to Holland, and about 20 Dutch Jewish passengers, organized by Mossad leAliyah Bet.
Chaya Brasz cites: "In the morning of Sunday, July 16, 1939, the Dora, a small coal ship sailing under Panamanian flag, left the harbor of Amsterdam. The ship was filled with over 300 Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany, and about 20 Dutch Jews."
Paul H. Silverstone's Aliyah Bet Project cites: 160 passengers boarded Dora דורה in Antwerpen.
The German passengers had visas from the Deventer Society, with the Reichsvertretung der deutschen Juden, the Joint Distribution Committee, the British Refugee
Committee and, later (for emigration assistance) the HICEM in Paris, which had hid them on Dutch farms, set up a Werkdorp Nieuwesluis, laborer village, in the Wieringer polder, where they trained for immigration to Palestine.
Gertrude van Tijn cites: SS Dora sailed on July 15, 1939, from Amsterdam, carrying 310 passengers, including 50 pupils form Werkdorp Nieuwesluis. and took on another 157 passengers in Antwerpen.
Abraham J. Edelheit and Hershel Edelheit cite: Dora דורה sailed from Vlissingen, carrying 480 passengers.
Amuta Yam.org.il cites: Dora דורה stopped at Antwerpen, where 120 passengers came on board.
Officially, the Dutch government knew nothing of the transport of illegal imigrants; they turned a blind eye, allowing them to sail secretly.
Tzvi Spector served as Ship Manager aboard Dora דורה when she sailed from Antwerpen.
Amiram Shohat served as Emergency Captain aboard Dora דורה when she sailed from Antwerpen.
Yekutiel Pekta served as Gidoni גדעוני, Wireless Radio Operator, aboard Dora דורה when she sailed from Antwerpen.

On July 12th, 1939, Yekutiel Pekta served as Gidoni גדעוני, Wireless Radio Operator, aboard Dora דורה when she sailed from Antwerpen.

On July 12th, 1939, Jacob Oppenheimer sailed on Dora דורה when she sailed from Antwerpen.
In 1936, he came to Holland from Frankfurt-am-Main.
Jacob Oppenheimer cites: "The Dutch immigration police wanted to get rid of us, but they were afraid of the publicity. The relationship with England wasn't too good, and the British of course didn't want any immigration. So in 1939, all of a sudden we were brought to Heemskerk (15 miles from Amsterdam), where we had to wait for a couple of weeks. Of course we knew where we were going. On July 14th, I was brought to the house of Dr. Pinkhof in Amsterdam. I was very religious and couldn't travel on Shabbat. Dr Pinkhof's house wasn't far from the harbor, so on Saturday, they came and picked me up and they took me straight to the Dora."

In 1978, Gideon Rafael retired from the Foreign Ministry.